John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 90 million records worldwide. Although primarily remembered as a country music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk, and gospel. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple inductions in the Country Music, Rock and Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame.
Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice; the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band, which is characterized by train-sound guitar rhythms; a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor; free prison concerts; and a trademark, all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black." He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash," followed by his signature song "Folsom Prison Blues".
Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career. His other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue"; a duet with his future wife, June Carter, called "Jackson" (followed by many further duets after their marriage); and railroad songs including "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line". During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.
J. R. Cash was born on February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas, to Ray Cash and Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers). He was the fourth of seven children, who were in birth order: Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R., Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist). He was primarily of English and Scottish descent. As an adult he traced his surname to 11th-century Fife, after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart. Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family.
At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash. When Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he started going by Johnny Cash.
In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a New Deal colony established to give poor families a chance to work land that they had a chance to own as a result. J.R. started working in cotton fields at the age of five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which led him later to write the song "Five Feet High and Rising". His family's economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, especially those about other people facing similar difficulties. He had sympathy for the poor and working class.
Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack. In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a whirling head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for more than a week before dying on May 20, 1944, at the age of 15. Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. According to Cash: The Autobiography, his father was away that morning, but Johnny and his mother, and Jack himself, all had premonitions or a sense of foreboding about that day. His mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with his brother. Jack insisted on working since the family needed the money. On his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven.
Cash's early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve. When young, Cash had a high tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed. In high school, he sang on a local radio station. Decades later he released an album of traditional gospel songs, called My Mother's Hymn Book. He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music, which he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio programme
Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force on July 7, 1950. After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, Germany, as a Morse Code operator intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. It was there he created his first band, named "The Landsberg Barbarians". He was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant on July 3, 1954, and returned to Texas. During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a cyst.
On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force training, Cash met 17-year-old Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in her native San Antonio, Texas. They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of pages of love letters. On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. The ceremony was performed by her uncle, Vincent Liberto. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Johnny moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California, a small town south of Ojai on Highway 33. He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called The Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Johnny's drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash's severe drug and alcohol abuse, as well as constant touring, affairs with other women, and his close relationship with June Carter. Their four daughters were then raised by their mother.Cash met singer June Carter, of the famed Carter Family while on tour, and the two became infatuated with each other. In 1968, 13 years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in London, Ontario. The couple married on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky. They had one child together, John Carter Cash, born March 3, 1970.
Cash and Carter continued to work, raising their child, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off of amphetamines, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehab treatment and years of drug abuse. After June's death, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music. He died four months after her.
On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting new tracks, with Jerry Lee Lewis backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio and the four started an impromptu jam session. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released under the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis.
Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country Top 5. His "I Walk the Line" became No. 1 on the country charts and entered the pop charts Top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year, Cash became the first Sun artist to release a long-playing album. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel, and was paying him a 3% royalty rather than the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun, and Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis.
In 1958 Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with Columbia Records. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became one of his biggest hits, and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. But Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums from, featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, a cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to No. 13 on the C&W charts.
(When RCA Victor signed Presley, it also bought his Sun Records masters. But when Cash departed for Columbia, Phillips retained the rights to the singer's Sun masters. Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash's death.)Early in his career, Cash was given the teasing nickname The Undertaker by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes. He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.
In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the Carter Family, which by this time regularly included Mother Maybelle's daughters, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on Pete Seeger's short-lived television series Rainbow Quest. He also acted in and wrote and sang the opening theme for a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live, later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.
Cash's career was handled by Saul Holiff, a London, Ontario, promoter. Their relationship was the subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Man in Black.
As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted to amphetamines. Cash used the stimulants to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his "nervousness" and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening drug addiction.
Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity. His rendition of "Ring of Fire" was a crossover hit, reaching No. 1 on the country charts and entering the Top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by June's sister, but the signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash. He said that it had come to him in a dream. Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire." In her book, I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny, Liberto says that Cash gave Carter the credit for monetary reasons.
In June 1965, Cash's camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California, triggering a forest fire that burnt several hundred acres and nearly caused his death. Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control. When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."
The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burning the foliage off three mountains and driving off forty-nine of the refuge's 53 endangered condors. Cash was unrepentant and claimed, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards." The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually settled the case and paid $82,001. He said he was the only person ever sued by the government for starting a forest fire.
Although Cash cultivated a romantic outlaw image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for misdemeanors, he stayed only one night on each stay. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (He used this to write the song "Starkville City Jail", which he discussed on his live At San Quentin album.) While on tour that year, he was arrested October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics squad. The officers suspected he was smuggling heroin from Mexico, but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets that the singer had hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, he received a suspended sentence.
In this period of the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the government. While initially reaching charts, this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations, which rejected its controversial take on social issues. The album was considered lost until the early 21st century. In 2011 a book was published about it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental double record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration.
Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior, Cash was divorced from his first wife and had performances cancelled. But, he continued to find success. In 1967, Cash's duet with June Carter, "Jackson," won a Grammy Award.
Cash was last arrested in 1967 in Walker County, Georgia, after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills and was in a car accident. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. The singer was jailed for the night in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk, warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life. He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school. Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."
In early 1968, Cash had a spiritual epiphany in the Nickajack Cave. He had attempted to commit suicide while under the heavy influence of drugs. He descended deep into the cave, trying to lose himself and "just die," but passed out on the floor. Utterly discouraged, he felt God's presence in his heart and struggled out of the cave (despite exhaustion) by following a faint light and slight breeze. To him, the incident represented his rebirth. June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month to help him get off drugs. Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at the London Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had "cleaned up."
Cash's journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith. He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend Hank Snow. But according to longtime friend Marshall Grant, Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968. It was not until 1970 that Cash ended all drug use, maintaining that for a period of seven years. Grant claims that the birth of Cash's son, John Carter Cash inspired Cash to end his dependence.
Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted again and entered the Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage, California, for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several years, but relapsed again. By 1989, he was dependent and entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he entered the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Loma Linda, California, for his final rehabilitation treatment. (Several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment).
Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s. He played his first famous prison concert on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison. These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums, Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969). Both live albums reached number 1 on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969 Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even the Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums. In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at #33 and #39 on the album charts respectively.
The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition of his "Folsom Prison Blues," while the San Quentin record included the crossover hit single "A Boy Named Sue," a Shel Silverstein-penned novelty song that reached No. 1 on the country charts and No. 2 on the U.S. Top Ten pop charts. The AM versions of the latter contained profanities which were edited out of the aired version. The modern CD versions are unedited thus making them longer than the original vinyl albums, though they retain the audience reaction overdubs of the originals.
Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden in 1972. The live album På Österåker ("At Österåker") was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a further prison concert, this time at Tennessee Prison, was videotaped for TV broadcast and received a belated CD release after Cash's death as A Concert Behind Prison Walls.
In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger's TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans:In '57, I wrote a song called 'Old Apache Squaw' and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.Columbia, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it "too radical for the public". Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native's soil his own.
In 1964, coming off the chart success of his previous album "I Walk The Line", he recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.
The album featured stories of a multitude of native peoples, mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers: The Pima ("The Ballad of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of Johnny Horton, but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist Peter La Farge (son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner Oliver La Farge), whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism. The album's single, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" (about one of the six to raise the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima), was neglected by non-political radio at the time, and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and thus "unappealing" nature. Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the Country Music Association: "You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."
In reaction, on August 22, 1964, the singer posted a letter as an advertisement in Billboard Magazine, calling the record industry cowardly. "D.J.s – station managers – owners ... where are your guts?" he demands. "I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY???" He concludes the letter, "Ira Hayes is strong medicine ... So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam." Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the country charts, while the album rose to number two on the album charts.Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the Trail of Tears.
In 1966, in response to his activism, the singer was adopted by the Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan. He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at Wounded Knee, to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the D-Q University in the 1980s.
In 1970, Cash recorded a reading of John G. Burnett's 1890 80th birthday essay on Cherokee removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).
From 1969 to 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network. The show was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened up for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek and the Dominos, and Bob Dylan. During the same period, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsey, which starred Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton. The title song, "The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsey," written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award.
Cash had met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became closer friends when they were neighbors in the late 1960s in Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album's Grammy-winning liner notes.
Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down," Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to marijuana intact:The closing program of the Johnny Cash show was a gospel music special. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen and Billy Graham.
In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular enterprise at the time of the 1970s energy crisis. In 1976 he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he also wrote the music. However, his first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997.
His friendship with Billy Graham led to Cash's production of a film about the life of Jesus, The Gospel Road, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing.
Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth, a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled "Riding The Rails", a musical history of trains.
He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of Columbo, entitled "Swan Song". He and June appeared in an episode of Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as John Brown in the 1985 American Civil War television mini-series North and South. Johnny and June also appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in recurring roles.
He was friendly with every US President starting with Richard Nixon. He was closest to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, June Carter Cash.
When invited to perform at the White House for the first time in 1970, Richard Nixon's office requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Merle Haggard song about people who despised youthful drug users and war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which denies the integrity of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue." Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" (about a brave Native American World War II veteran who was mistreated upon his return to Arizona), and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason. However, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed "anti-hippie and anti-black" sentiments might have backfired. In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he'd learned about the singer was one didn't tell him what to sing.
Johnny Cash was the Grand Marshal of the United States Bicentennial parade. He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010. After the parade he gave a concert at the Washington monument.
During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam, winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult illiteracy. In the same year, Cash appeared as a "very special guest star" in an episode of the Muppet Show. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based on a real-life Georgia murder case, which co-starred Andy Griffith as his nemesis and featured June Carter in a small but important role. Cash had tried for years to make the film, for which he won acclaim.
Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an unusual incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich he kept on his farm.
At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a "near death experience".
Cash's recording career and his general relationship with the Nashville establishment were at an all-time low in the 1980s. He realized that his record label of nearly 30 years, Columbia, was growing indifferent to him and was not properly marketing him (he was "invisible" during that time, as he said in his autobiography).
In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "Chicken in Black," about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in the 2013-published Johnny Cash: The Life disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia's treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco."
Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill (who also produced "Chicken in Black") which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's sister label, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars. Around this time, Cash also recorded an album of gospel recordings that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings).
After more unsuccessful recordings were released in 1984–85, Cash left Columbia (at least as a solo artist; he continued to record for Columbia on non-solo projects until as late as 1990, recording a duets album with Waylon Jennings and two albums as a member of The Highwaymen).
In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate. Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, Man in White, a book about Saul and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990.
His career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of he Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put together 'Til Things Are Brighter, a tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic about the project, telling Langford that it was a "morale booster": Roseanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated... It was very good for him: he was in his element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it". The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1991, he sang a version of "Man in Black" for the Christian punk band One Bad Pig's album I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang "The Wanderer" on U2's album Zooropa which was the closing track. According to Rolling Stone writer, Adam Gold,"The Wanderer" – written for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western.".
Although no longer sought after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and hard rock. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash played throughout his career. The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin including "Down There by the Train" by Tom Waits. The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. On the same album, he performed the Bob Dylan favorite "Forever Young."
Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his voice for a cameo role in The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)", as the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson on a spiritual quest.
In 1996, Cash enlisted the accompaniment of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and released Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Best Country Album Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering and mixing. A majority of "Unchained" was recorded at Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsay Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997.
During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode. Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by the rendition. The video for "Hurt" received critical and popular acclaim, including a Grammy award.
June Carter Cash died on May 15, 2003, at the age of 73. June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 more songs in the last four months of his life, and even performed a couple of surprise shows at the Carter Family Fold outside Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a statement about his late wife that he had written shortly before taking the stage:The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has. She's never been one for me except courage and inspiration. I thank God for June Carter. I love her with all my heart.Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. His final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared on American V: A Hundred Highways in 2006, and the final song he completed, "Engine 143", which was recorded for his son John Carter Cash for a planned Carter Family tribute album.
While hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from diabetes at approximately 2:00 a.m. CT on September 12, 2003, aged 71 — less than four months after his wife. It was suggested that his health worsened due to a broken heart over June's death. He was buried next to his wife in Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee.
In June 2005, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was put up for sale by his estate. In January 2006, the house was sold to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda, and titled to their Florida limited liability company for $2.3 million. The listing agent was Cash's younger brother, Tommy. On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works carried out for Gibb, a fire broke out at the house, spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used. The building was completely burnt down.
One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted in the No.1 position on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled American VI: Ain't No Grave.
Cash was raised by his parents in the Southern Baptist denomination of Christianity. He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of Dyess, Arkansas.
A troubled but devout Christian, Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges." On May 9, 1971, he answered the altar call at Evangel Temple, an Assemblies of God congregation pastored by Jimmy R. Snow (son of Hank Snow) with outreach to people in the music world.
A biblical scholar, Cash penned a Christian novel, Man in White in 1986 and in the introduction writes about a reporter who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questions whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash denies an answer to the book's view and his own, and replies, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."
In the mid-seventies, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College. Cash often performed at Billy Graham Crusades. At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his song, "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down And Talk To Paul." At a notable performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics. He then sang, "Family Bible."
He made a spoken word recording of the entire New King James Version of the New Testament. Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man. Accordingly, Cash is said to have "contained multitudes," and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."
Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer John Schneider to Christianity.
Cash nurtured and defended artists (such as Bob Dylan) on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment's most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians. In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash's final interviews.
In recognition of his lifelong support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in Diessen, at the Ammersee Lake in Southern Germany, near where he was stationed as a GI, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by Montego Bay, near his holiday home in Jamaica.
In 1999, Cash received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash No. 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010. In 2012 Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No. 88 and No. 366 in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Cash Parkway."
The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the House of Cash, was sold based on Cash's will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash's music video for "Hurt." The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.
On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville, Mississippi, where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song "Starkville City Jail". The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash's life and music and was expected to become an annual event.
JC Unit One, Johnny Cash's private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter months and not exhibited during those times).
A limited-edition Forever stamp honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of "Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash. The Undertaker used Cash's version of "Ain't No Grave" at WrestleMania XXVII as his entrance theme.
On October 14, 2014, The City of Folsom unveiled Phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Roseanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) Legacy Park, and over 3 miles (4.8 km) of multi-use Class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinois.
In 2015, a new species of black tarantula was identified near Folsom Prison and named Aphonopelma johnnycashi in his honor.
In 2016, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the "Country Legends Race" to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as George Jones, Reba McEntire, and Dolly Parton, race around the warning track at First Tennessee Park from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.
The Johnny Cash Heritage Festival was held in Dyess, Arkansas on October 19–21, 2017. It will build on the music festival held for four years on the Arkansas State University campus in Jonesboro. The festival honors Johnny Cash and explores the New Deal programs that shaped his childhood in Dyess, Arkansas. The Festival includes a concert in the field adjacent to the Cash Home and Arkansas roots music in the Colony Circle.
On February 8, 2018, the album Forever Words was announced, putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016.
Country singer Mark Collie portrayed Cash in John Lloyd Miller's award-winning 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone.
In November 2005, Walk the Line, a biographical film about Cash's life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) and Reese Witherspoon as June (for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of "Jackson" being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer.
On March 12, 2006, Ring of Fire, a jukebox musical of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theater but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. Million Dollar Quartet, a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor Lance Guest portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the 2010 Tony Awards and won one.
Robert Hilburn, veteran Los Angeles Times pop music critic, the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour, and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death, published a 688-page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013. The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80 percent of Cash's life that was unknown, including details about Cash's battles with addiction and infidelity. The book reportedly does not hold back any details about the darker side of Johnny Cash and includes details about his affair with his pregnant wife June Carter's sister.
His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1977), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA's Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2010) and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2013). Cash was the only country music artist inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a "performer", unlike the other country members, who were inducted as "early influences".
His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Cash received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. "Hurt" was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award. Justin Timberlake, who won Best Video that year for "Cry Me a River," said in his acceptance speech: "This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight."
Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words, Zondervan, 1975; ISBN 99924-31-58-X
Man in White, a novel about the Apostle Paul, HarperCollins, 1986; ISBN 0-06-250132-1
Cash: The Autobiography, with Patrick Carr, HarperCollins, 1997; ISBN 978-0-06-101357-7
Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament, Thomas Nelson, 2011; ISBN 978-1-4185-4883-4
Recollections by Johnny Cash, edited by daughter Tara, 2014; ISBN 978-0-930677-03-9
The Man Who Carried Cash: Saul Holiff, Johnny Cash, and the Making of an American Icon by Julie Chadwick, Dundurn Press, 2017; ISBN 978-1-459737-23-5
Jonathan Silverman, Nine Choices: Johnny Cash and American Culture, Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2010, ISBN 1-55849-826-5
Graeme Thomson, The Resurrection of Johnny Cash: Hurt, Redemption, and American Recordings, Jawbone Press, ISBN 978-1-906002-36-7
Christopher S. Wren, Johnny Cash: Winners Got Scars, Too, Abacus Editions, ISBN 0-349-13740-4
Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life, Back Bay Books, New York: Little Brown and Company, 2013, ISBN 978-0-316-19474-7(pb)
Sony Music's Johnny Cash website
Johnny Cash at Encyclopædia Britannica
"Inductee Johnny Cash", Candidates, Hit Parade Hall of Fame, archived from the original on January 6, 2008 .
Johnny Cash at AllMusic
Johnny Cash on IMDb
"Johnny Cash". Find a Grave. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
Johnny Cash profile at martinguitar.com
Cash was known for his deep, calm bass-baritone voice; the distinctive sound of his Tennessee Three backing band, which is characterized by train-sound guitar rhythms; a rebelliousness coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor; free prison concerts; and a trademark, all-black stage wardrobe, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black." He traditionally began his concerts by simply introducing himself, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash," followed by his signature song "Folsom Prison Blues".
Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation, and redemption, especially in the later stages of his career. His other signature songs include "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", and "Man in Black". He also recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" and "A Boy Named Sue"; a duet with his future wife, June Carter, called "Jackson" (followed by many further duets after their marriage); and railroad songs including "Hey, Porter", "Orange Blossom Special", and "Rock Island Line". During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.
J. R. Cash was born on February 26, 1932 in Kingsland, Arkansas, to Ray Cash and Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers). He was the fourth of seven children, who were in birth order: Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R., Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist). He was primarily of English and Scottish descent. As an adult he traced his surname to 11th-century Fife, after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart. Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family.
At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash. When Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he started going by Johnny Cash.
In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a New Deal colony established to give poor families a chance to work land that they had a chance to own as a result. J.R. started working in cotton fields at the age of five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which led him later to write the song "Five Feet High and Rising". His family's economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, especially those about other people facing similar difficulties. He had sympathy for the poor and working class.
Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack. In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a whirling head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for more than a week before dying on May 20, 1944, at the age of 15. Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. According to Cash: The Autobiography, his father was away that morning, but Johnny and his mother, and Jack himself, all had premonitions or a sense of foreboding about that day. His mother urged Jack to skip work and go fishing with his brother. Jack insisted on working since the family needed the money. On his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven.
Cash's early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve. When young, Cash had a high tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed. In high school, he sang on a local radio station. Decades later he released an album of traditional gospel songs, called My Mother's Hymn Book. He was also significantly influenced by traditional Irish music, which he heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Benny radio programme
Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force on July 7, 1950. After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, Germany, as a Morse Code operator intercepting Soviet Army transmissions. It was there he created his first band, named "The Landsberg Barbarians". He was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant on July 3, 1954, and returned to Texas. During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a cyst.
Marriages and families
On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force training, Cash met 17-year-old Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in her native San Antonio, Texas. They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of pages of love letters. On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. The ceremony was performed by her uncle, Vincent Liberto. They had four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Johnny moved his family to a hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California, a small town south of Ojai on Highway 33. He had previously moved his parents to the area to run a small trailer park called The Johnny Cash Trailer Park. Johnny's drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement. Liberto later said that she had filed for divorce in 1966 because of Cash's severe drug and alcohol abuse, as well as constant touring, affairs with other women, and his close relationship with June Carter. Their four daughters were then raised by their mother.Cash met singer June Carter, of the famed Carter Family while on tour, and the two became infatuated with each other. In 1968, 13 years after they first met backstage at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in London, Ontario. The couple married on March 1, 1968, in Franklin, Kentucky. They had one child together, John Carter Cash, born March 3, 1970.
Cash and Carter continued to work, raising their child, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage, June attempted to keep Cash off of amphetamines, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. June remained with him even throughout his multiple admissions for rehab treatment and years of drug abuse. After June's death, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music. He died four months after her.
Career
Early career
In 1954, Cash and Vivian moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer. At night he played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known as the Tennessee Two. Cash worked up the courage to visit the Sun Records studio, hoping to get a recording contract. He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from the producer that he no longer recorded gospel music. It was once rumored that Phillips told Cash to "go home and sin, then come back with a song I can sell", although in a 2002 interview Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment. Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash made his first recordings at Sun, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were released in late June and met with success on the country hit parade.On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in on Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting new tracks, with Jerry Lee Lewis backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio and the four started an impromptu jam session. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They have since been released under the title Million Dollar Quartet. In Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the farthest from the microphone and sang in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis.
Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country Top 5. His "I Walk the Line" became No. 1 on the country charts and entered the pop charts Top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year, Cash became the first Sun artist to release a long-playing album. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label. Phillips did not want Cash to record gospel, and was paying him a 3% royalty rather than the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun, and Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis.
In 1958 Cash left Phillips to sign a lucrative offer with Columbia Records. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became one of his biggest hits, and he recorded a collection of gospel songs for his second album for Columbia. But Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums from, featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964. Cash was in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, a cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to No. 13 on the C&W charts.
(When RCA Victor signed Presley, it also bought his Sun Records masters. But when Cash departed for Columbia, Phillips retained the rights to the singer's Sun masters. Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash's death.)Early in his career, Cash was given the teasing nickname The Undertaker by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes. He said he chose them because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.
In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the Carter Family, which by this time regularly included Mother Maybelle's daughters, Anita, June, and Helen. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on Pete Seeger's short-lived television series Rainbow Quest. He also acted in and wrote and sang the opening theme for a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live, later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.
Cash's career was handled by Saul Holiff, a London, Ontario, promoter. Their relationship was the subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Man in Black.
Outlaw image
As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply addicted to amphetamines. Cash used the stimulants to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his "nervousness" and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening drug addiction.
Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic creativity. His rendition of "Ring of Fire" was a crossover hit, reaching No. 1 on the country charts and entering the Top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by June's sister, but the signature mariachi-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash. He said that it had come to him in a dream. Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire." In her book, I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny, Liberto says that Cash gave Carter the credit for monetary reasons.
In June 1965, Cash's camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in Los Padres National Forest in California, triggering a forest fire that burnt several hundred acres and nearly caused his death. Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control. When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."
The fire destroyed 508 acres (206 ha), burning the foliage off three mountains and driving off forty-nine of the refuge's 53 endangered condors. Cash was unrepentant and claimed, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards." The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually settled the case and paid $82,001. He said he was the only person ever sued by the government for starting a forest fire.
Although Cash cultivated a romantic outlaw image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for misdemeanors, he stayed only one night on each stay. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (He used this to write the song "Starkville City Jail", which he discussed on his live At San Quentin album.) While on tour that year, he was arrested October 4 in El Paso, Texas, by a narcotics squad. The officers suspected he was smuggling heroin from Mexico, but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets that the singer had hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, he received a suspended sentence.
In this period of the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the government. While initially reaching charts, this album met with resistance from some fans and radio stations, which rejected its controversial take on social issues. The album was considered lost until the early 21st century. In 2011 a book was published about it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by contemporary artists and the making of a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album. This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His Sings the Ballads of the True West (1965) was an experimental double record, mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration.
Reaching a low with his severe drug addiction and destructive behavior, Cash was divorced from his first wife and had performances cancelled. But, he continued to find success. In 1967, Cash's duet with June Carter, "Jackson," won a Grammy Award.
Cash was last arrested in 1967 in Walker County, Georgia, after police found he was carrying a bag of prescription pills and was in a car accident. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. The singer was jailed for the night in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after giving him a long talk, warning him about the danger of his behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience with helping him turn around and save his life. He later returned to LaFayette to play a benefit concert; it attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school. Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."
In early 1968, Cash had a spiritual epiphany in the Nickajack Cave. He had attempted to commit suicide while under the heavy influence of drugs. He descended deep into the cave, trying to lose himself and "just die," but passed out on the floor. Utterly discouraged, he felt God's presence in his heart and struggled out of the cave (despite exhaustion) by following a faint light and slight breeze. To him, the incident represented his rebirth. June, Maybelle, and Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month to help him get off drugs. Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, at a concert at the London Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a week later (on March 1) in Franklin, Kentucky. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had "cleaned up."
Cash's journey included rediscovery of his Christian faith. He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend Hank Snow. But according to longtime friend Marshall Grant, Cash did not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968. It was not until 1970 that Cash ended all drug use, maintaining that for a period of seven years. Grant claims that the birth of Cash's son, John Carter Cash inspired Cash to end his dependence.
Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted again and entered the Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage, California, for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several years, but relapsed again. By 1989, he was dependent and entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he entered the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in Loma Linda, California, for his final rehabilitation treatment. (Several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment).
Folsom and other prison concerts
Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s. He played his first famous prison concert on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison. These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums, Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969). Both live albums reached number 1 on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969 Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even the Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums. In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as Strawberry Cake recorded in London and Live at Madison Square Garden, which peaked at #33 and #39 on the album charts respectively.
The Folsom Prison record was introduced by a rendition of his "Folsom Prison Blues," while the San Quentin record included the crossover hit single "A Boy Named Sue," a Shel Silverstein-penned novelty song that reached No. 1 on the country charts and No. 2 on the U.S. Top Ten pop charts. The AM versions of the latter contained profanities which were edited out of the aired version. The modern CD versions are unedited thus making them longer than the original vinyl albums, though they retain the audience reaction overdubs of the originals.
Cash performed at the Österåker Prison in Sweden in 1972. The live album På Österåker ("At Österåker") was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a further prison concert, this time at Tennessee Prison, was videotaped for TV broadcast and received a belated CD release after Cash's death as A Concert Behind Prison Walls.
Activism for Native Americans
In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger's TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans:In '57, I wrote a song called 'Old Apache Squaw' and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.Columbia, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it "too radical for the public". Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native's soil his own.
In 1964, coming off the chart success of his previous album "I Walk The Line", he recorded the aforementioned album Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian.
The album featured stories of a multitude of native peoples, mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers: The Pima ("The Ballad of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of Johnny Horton, but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist Peter La Farge (son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner Oliver La Farge), whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism. The album's single, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" (about one of the six to raise the U.S. flag at Iwo Jima), was neglected by non-political radio at the time, and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and thus "unappealing" nature. Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the Country Music Association: "You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."
In reaction, on August 22, 1964, the singer posted a letter as an advertisement in Billboard Magazine, calling the record industry cowardly. "D.J.s – station managers – owners ... where are your guts?" he demands. "I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY???" He concludes the letter, "Ira Hayes is strong medicine ... So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam." Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the country charts, while the album rose to number two on the album charts.Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the Trail of Tears.
In 1966, in response to his activism, the singer was adopted by the Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan. He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at Wounded Knee, to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the D-Q University in the 1980s.
In 1970, Cash recorded a reading of John G. Burnett's 1890 80th birthday essay on Cherokee removal for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).
The Johnny Cash Show 1969–1971
From 1969 to 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, The Johnny Cash Show, on the ABC network. The show was performed at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The Statler Brothers opened up for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including Neil Young, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and The First Edition (who appeared four times), James Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Miller, Roy Orbison, Derek and the Dominos, and Bob Dylan. During the same period, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsey, which starred Robert Redford, Michael J. Pollard, and Lauren Hutton. The title song, "The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsey," written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award.
Cash had met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became closer friends when they were neighbors in the late 1960s in Woodstock, New York. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan on Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album's Grammy-winning liner notes.
Another artist who received a major career boost from The Johnny Cash Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down," Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to marijuana intact:The closing program of the Johnny Cash show was a gospel music special. Guests included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen and Billy Graham.
"The Man in Black"
By the early 1970s, he had crystallized his public image as "The Man in Black." He regularly performed dressed all in black, wearing a long black knee-length coat. This outfit stood in contrast to the costumes worn by most of the major country acts in his day: rhinestone suits and cowboy boots. In 1971, Cash wrote the song "Man in Black," to help explain his dress code:He wore 'black' on behalf of the poor and hungry, on behalf of "the prisoner who has long paid for his crime," and on behalf of those who have been betrayed by age or drugs. "And," Cash added, "with the Vietnam War as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mournin' for the lives that could have been' ... Apart from the Vietnam War being over, I don't see much reason to change my position ... The old are still neglected, the poor are still poor, the young are still dying before their time, and we're not making many moves to make things right. There's still plenty of darkness to carry off."He and his band had initially worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors on stage early in his career, but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage. He stated that political reasons aside, he simply liked black as his on-stage color. The outdated US Navy's winter blue uniform used to be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes," as the uniform's shirt, tie, and trousers are solid black.In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for Amoco and STP, an unpopular enterprise at the time of the 1970s energy crisis. In 1976 he made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he also wrote the music. However, his first autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and sold 1.3 million copies. A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997.
His friendship with Billy Graham led to Cash's production of a film about the life of Jesus, The Gospel Road, which Cash co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash viewed the film as a statement of his personal faith rather than a means of proselytizing.
Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release A Believer Sings the Truth, a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled "Riding The Rails", a musical history of trains.
He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on CBS in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of Columbo, entitled "Swan Song". He and June appeared in an episode of Little House on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as John Brown in the 1985 American Civil War television mini-series North and South. Johnny and June also appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in recurring roles.
He was friendly with every US President starting with Richard Nixon. He was closest to Jimmy Carter, with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, June Carter Cash.
When invited to perform at the White House for the first time in 1970, Richard Nixon's office requested that he play "Okie from Muskogee" (a satirical Merle Haggard song about people who despised youthful drug users and war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which denies the integrity of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue." Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" (about a brave Native American World War II veteran who was mistreated upon his return to Arizona), and his own compositions, "What Is Truth" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason. However, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed "anti-hippie and anti-black" sentiments might have backfired. In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he'd learned about the singer was one didn't tell him what to sing.
Johnny Cash was the Grand Marshal of the United States Bicentennial parade. He wore a shirt from Nudie Cohn which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010. After the parade he gave a concert at the Washington monument.
Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records
In 1980, Cash became the Country Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at age 48. But during the 1980s, his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts, although he continued to tour successfully. In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, and Kris Kristofferson as The Highwaymen, making three hit albums which were released beginning with the originally titled "Highwaymen" in 1985, followed by "Highwaymen 2" in 1990, and concluding with "Highwaymen – The Road Goes on forever" in 1995.During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in The Pride of Jesse Hallam, winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult illiteracy. In the same year, Cash appeared as a "very special guest star" in an episode of the Muppet Show. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based on a real-life Georgia murder case, which co-starred Andy Griffith as his nemesis and featured June Carter in a small but important role. Cash had tried for years to make the film, for which he won acclaim.
Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an unusual incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich he kept on his farm.
At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash have himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent double bypass surgery in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a "near death experience".
Cash's recording career and his general relationship with the Nashville establishment were at an all-time low in the 1980s. He realized that his record label of nearly 30 years, Columbia, was growing indifferent to him and was not properly marketing him (he was "invisible" during that time, as he said in his autobiography).
In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "Chicken in Black," about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in the 2013-published Johnny Cash: The Life disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia's treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco."
Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed countrypolitan producer Billy Sherrill (who also produced "Chicken in Black") which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's sister label, Legacy Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars. Around this time, Cash also recorded an album of gospel recordings that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings).
After more unsuccessful recordings were released in 1984–85, Cash left Columbia (at least as a solo artist; he continued to record for Columbia on non-solo projects until as late as 1990, recording a duets album with Waylon Jennings and two albums as a member of The Highwaymen).
In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the album Class of '55; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate. Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, Man in White, a book about Saul and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded Johnny Cash Reads The Complete New Testament in 1990.
American Recordings
After Columbia Records dropped Cash from his recording contract, he had a short and unsuccessful stint with Mercury Records from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as Water from the Wells of Home, a duets album that paired him with, among others, his children Rosanne Cash and John Carter Cash, as well as Paul McCartney. A one-off Christmas album recorded for Delta Records followed his Mercury contract.His career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1988, British post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of he Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put together 'Til Things Are Brighter, a tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs. Cash was enthusiastic about the project, telling Langford that it was a "morale booster": Roseanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection with those musicians and very validated... It was very good for him: he was in his element. He absolutely understood what they were tapping into, and loved it". The album attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic. In 1991, he sang a version of "Man in Black" for the Christian punk band One Bad Pig's album I Scream Sunday. In 1993, he sang "The Wanderer" on U2's album Zooropa which was the closing track. According to Rolling Stone writer, Adam Gold,"The Wanderer" – written for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Cash canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop with a Countrypolitan lament fit for the closing credits of a Seventies western.".
Although no longer sought after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer Rick Rubin's American Recordings label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and hard rock. Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar – one of many Cash played throughout his career. The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin including "Down There by the Train" by Tom Waits. The album had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Album. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 Glastonbury Festival was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with Brooks & Dunn to contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" to the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced by the Red Hot Organization. On the same album, he performed the Bob Dylan favorite "Forever Young."
Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also lent his voice for a cameo role in The Simpsons episode "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage of Homer)", as the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson on a spiritual quest.
In 1996, Cash enlisted the accompaniment of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and released Unchained (also known as American Recordings II), which won the Best Country Album Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering and mixing. A majority of "Unchained" was recorded at Sound City Studios and featured guest appearances by Lindsay Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997.
Last years
In 1997, Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager syndrome, a form of multiple system atrophy. According to biographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, and Cash even announced to his audience that he had Parkinson's after nearly collapsing on stage in Flint, Michigan, on October 25, 1997. Soon afterwards, his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager, and Cash was told he had approximately 18 months to live. The diagnosis was later again altered to autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes. The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe pneumonia, which damaged his lungs.During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: The Man Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode. Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by the rendition. The video for "Hurt" received critical and popular acclaim, including a Grammy award.
June Carter Cash died on May 15, 2003, at the age of 73. June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 more songs in the last four months of his life, and even performed a couple of surprise shows at the Carter Family Fold outside Bristol, Virginia. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a statement about his late wife that he had written shortly before taking the stage:The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has. She's never been one for me except courage and inspiration. I thank God for June Carter. I love her with all my heart.Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. His final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared on American V: A Hundred Highways in 2006, and the final song he completed, "Engine 143", which was recorded for his son John Carter Cash for a planned Carter Family tribute album.
Death
While hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from diabetes at approximately 2:00 a.m. CT on September 12, 2003, aged 71 — less than four months after his wife. It was suggested that his health worsened due to a broken heart over June's death. He was buried next to his wife in Hendersonville Memory Gardens near his home in Hendersonville, Tennessee.
In June 2005, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was put up for sale by his estate. In January 2006, the house was sold to Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda, and titled to their Florida limited liability company for $2.3 million. The listing agent was Cash's younger brother, Tommy. On April 10, 2007, during major renovation works carried out for Gibb, a fire broke out at the house, spreading quickly due to a flammable wood preservative that had been used. The building was completely burnt down.
One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted in the No.1 position on the Billboard Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled American VI: Ain't No Grave.
Religious beliefs
Cash was raised by his parents in the Southern Baptist denomination of Christianity. He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of Dyess, Arkansas.
A troubled but devout Christian, Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges." On May 9, 1971, he answered the altar call at Evangel Temple, an Assemblies of God congregation pastored by Jimmy R. Snow (son of Hank Snow) with outreach to people in the music world.
A biblical scholar, Cash penned a Christian novel, Man in White in 1986 and in the introduction writes about a reporter who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questions whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash denies an answer to the book's view and his own, and replies, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."
In the mid-seventies, Cash and his wife, June, completed a course of study in the Bible through Christian International Bible College. Cash often performed at Billy Graham Crusades. At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June and Johnny sang his song, "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down And Talk To Paul." At a notable performance in Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Cash spoke to attendees of his commitment to the salvation of drug dealers and alcoholics. He then sang, "Family Bible."
He made a spoken word recording of the entire New King James Version of the New Testament. Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man. Accordingly, Cash is said to have "contained multitudes," and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."
Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer John Schneider to Christianity.
Legacy
Cash's daughter Rosanne (by first wife Vivian Liberto) and his son John Carter Cash (by June Carter Cash) are notable musicians in their own right.Cash nurtured and defended artists (such as Bob Dylan) on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment's most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on TNT, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works from established artists, while Dressed in Black contains works from many lesser-known musicians. In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin as well as a Best of Cash on American retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash's final interviews.
In recognition of his lifelong support of SOS Children's Villages, his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in Diessen, at the Ammersee Lake in Southern Germany, near where he was stationed as a GI, and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by Montego Bay, near his holiday home in Jamaica.
In 1999, Cash received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Cash No. 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010. In 2012 Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No. 88 and No. 366 in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Cash Parkway."
The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the House of Cash, was sold based on Cash's will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash's music video for "Hurt." The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.
On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in Starkville, Mississippi, where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song "Starkville City Jail". The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash's life and music and was expected to become an annual event.
JC Unit One, Johnny Cash's private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter months and not exhibited during those times).
A limited-edition Forever stamp honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of "Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash. The Undertaker used Cash's version of "Ain't No Grave" at WrestleMania XXVII as his entrance theme.
On October 14, 2014, The City of Folsom unveiled Phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Roseanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash, a 2-acre (0.81 ha) Legacy Park, and over 3 miles (4.8 km) of multi-use Class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinois.
In 2015, a new species of black tarantula was identified near Folsom Prison and named Aphonopelma johnnycashi in his honor.
In 2016, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the "Country Legends Race" to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as George Jones, Reba McEntire, and Dolly Parton, race around the warning track at First Tennessee Park from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.
The Johnny Cash Heritage Festival was held in Dyess, Arkansas on October 19–21, 2017. It will build on the music festival held for four years on the Arkansas State University campus in Jonesboro. The festival honors Johnny Cash and explores the New Deal programs that shaped his childhood in Dyess, Arkansas. The Festival includes a concert in the field adjacent to the Cash Home and Arkansas roots music in the Colony Circle.
On February 8, 2018, the album Forever Words was announced, putting music to poems that Cash had written and which were published in book form in 2016.
Portrayals
Country singer Mark Collie portrayed Cash in John Lloyd Miller's award-winning 1999 short film I Still Miss Someone.
In November 2005, Walk the Line, a biographical film about Cash's life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured Joaquin Phoenix as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor) and Reese Witherspoon as June (for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of "Jackson" being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a Grammy Award for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer.
On March 12, 2006, Ring of Fire, a jukebox musical of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theater but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. Million Dollar Quartet, a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor Lance Guest portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the 2010 Tony Awards and won one.
Robert Hilburn, veteran Los Angeles Times pop music critic, the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour, and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death, published a 688-page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013. The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80 percent of Cash's life that was unknown, including details about Cash's battles with addiction and infidelity. The book reportedly does not hold back any details about the darker side of Johnny Cash and includes details about his affair with his pregnant wife June Carter's sister.
Awards and honors
Cash received multiple Country Music Association Awards, Grammys, and other awards, in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos. In a career that spanned almost five decades, during which he rose to recording industry icon status, Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world. Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre. He recorded songs that could be considered rock and roll, blues, rockabilly, folk, and gospel, and exerted an influence on each of those genres.His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (1977), the Country Music Hall of Fame (1980), the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1992), GMA's Gospel Music Hall of Fame (2010) and the Memphis Music Hall of Fame (2013). Cash was the only country music artist inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a "performer", unlike the other country members, who were inducted as "early influences".
His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Cash received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. "Hurt" was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award. Justin Timberlake, who won Best Video that year for "Cry Me a River," said in his acceptance speech: "This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight."
Discography
Filmography
Published works
Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words, Zondervan, 1975; ISBN 99924-31-58-X
Man in White, a novel about the Apostle Paul, HarperCollins, 1986; ISBN 0-06-250132-1
Cash: The Autobiography, with Patrick Carr, HarperCollins, 1997; ISBN 978-0-06-101357-7
Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament, Thomas Nelson, 2011; ISBN 978-1-4185-4883-4
Recollections by Johnny Cash, edited by daughter Tara, 2014; ISBN 978-0-930677-03-9
The Man Who Carried Cash: Saul Holiff, Johnny Cash, and the Making of an American Icon by Julie Chadwick, Dundurn Press, 2017; ISBN 978-1-459737-23-5
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
Jonathan Silverman, Nine Choices: Johnny Cash and American Culture, Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2010, ISBN 1-55849-826-5
Graeme Thomson, The Resurrection of Johnny Cash: Hurt, Redemption, and American Recordings, Jawbone Press, ISBN 978-1-906002-36-7
Christopher S. Wren, Johnny Cash: Winners Got Scars, Too, Abacus Editions, ISBN 0-349-13740-4
Robert Hilburn, Johnny Cash: The Life, Back Bay Books, New York: Little Brown and Company, 2013, ISBN 978-0-316-19474-7(pb)
External links
Official websiteSony Music's Johnny Cash website
Johnny Cash at Encyclopædia Britannica
"Inductee Johnny Cash", Candidates, Hit Parade Hall of Fame, archived from the original on January 6, 2008 .
Johnny Cash at AllMusic
Johnny Cash on IMDb
"Johnny Cash". Find a Grave. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
Johnny Cash profile at martinguitar.com
I Shall Not Be Moved - Like a Tree Planted by The Waters
- Johnny Cash
Why Me Lord
- Johnny Cash
Daddy Sang Bass
- Johnny Cash
How Great Thou Art
- Johnny Cash
Here Was A Man
- Johnny Cash
When The Roll Is Called Up Yonder
- Johnny Cash
Joy to the World
- Johnny Cash
I Was There When It Happened
- Johnny Cash
I Am Bound For The Promised
- Johnny Cash
Like A Soldier
- Johnny Cash
It Came Upon a Midnight Clear
- Johnny Cash
Delia's Gone
- Johnny Cash
The Man Comes Around
- Johnny Cash
In The Garden
- Johnny Cash
The Man In Black
- Johnny Cash
It Was Jesus
- Johnny Cash
The Christmas Guest
- Johnny Cash
The Preacher Said, Jesus Said
- Johnny Cash
Children Go Where I Send Thee
- Johnny Cash
The Great Speckled Bird
- Johnny Cash
Tennessee Stud
- Johnny Cash
The Man Who Couldn't Cry
- Johnny Cash
Blue Christmas
- Johnny Cash
Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)
- Johnny Cash
He Turned Water Into Wine
- Johnny Cash
Redemption
- Johnny Cash
Silent Night
- Johnny Cash
O Come All Ye Faithful
- Johnny Cash
Little Drummer Boy
- Johnny Cash
Bird On A Wire
- Johnny Cash
The Christmas Spirit
- Johnny Cash
Far Side Banks Of Jordan
- Johnny Cash
Amazing Grace
- Johnny Cash
Belshazzar
- Johnny Cash
I Saw a Man
- Johnny Cash
Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
- Johnny Cash
The Gifts They Gave
- Johnny Cash
Let The Train Blow The Whistle
- Johnny Cash
Ghost Riders In the Sky
- Johnny Cash
Oh Come, Angel Band
- Johnny Cash
Troublesome Waters
- Johnny Cash
Oh, Bury Me Not
- Johnny Cash
The Beast In Me
- Johnny Cash
In The Sweet By And By
- Johnny Cash
Peace In the Valley
- Johnny Cash
I Heard the Bells On Christmas Day
- Johnny Cash
That's Enough
- Johnny Cash
Drive On
- Johnny Cash
Personal Jesus
- Johnny Cash
God Will
- Johnny Cash
The Little Drummer Boy
- Johnny Cash
He'll Understand And Say Well Done
- Johnny Cash
The Old Account
- Johnny Cash
Christmas As I Knew It
- Johnny Cash
Thirteen
- Johnny Cash
It Is No Secret (What God Can Do)
- Johnny Cash
Merry Christmas Mary
- Johnny Cash
Ragged Old Flag
- Johnny Cash
My Ship Will Sail
- Johnny Cash
Lead Me Gently Home
- Johnny Cash
O Little Town of Bethlehem
- Johnny Cash
Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
- Johnny Cash
Away In a Manger
- Johnny Cash
Albums & Songs
- Cry! Cry! Cry! (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- So Doggone Lonesome (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Hey Porter (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Get Rhythm (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- I Walk The Line (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- There You Go (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Wide Open Road (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Ballad Of A Teenage Queen (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Mean Eyed Cat (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Big River (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Guess Things Happen That Way (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Give My Love To Rose (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Next in Line (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Train of Love (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Doin' My Time (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Cold, Cold Heart
- My Treasure (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Oh Lonesome Me (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Rock Island Line (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Port of Lonely Hearts (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- I Love You Because (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Folsom Prison Blues (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Luther Played the Boogie (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Home Of The Blues (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Two Timin' Woman (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- New Mexico (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Born to Lose (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- I Couldn't Keep From Crying (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Katy Too (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Come in Stranger (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Country Boy (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- The Wreck of the Old 97 (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Thanks a Lot (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Sugartime (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- You're My Baby
- Goodbye Little Darlin' (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Story of a Broken Heart (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- The Ways Of A Woman In Love (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- It's Just About Time (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- I Heard That Lonesome Whistle (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- You Tell Me (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Life Goes On (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- I Forgot to Remember to Forget (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- You Win Again (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Belshazzar (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- Goodnight Irene
- I Could Never Be Ashamed of You (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- You're the Nearest Thing to Heaven (feat. The Tennessee Two)
- If the Good Lord's Willing
- I Was There When It Happened
- Orange Blossom Special
- The Ballad of Ira Hayes
- I'm Going To Memphis
- Cocaine Blues
- The Long Black Veil
- Rock Island Line
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- One Too Many Mornings
- Don't Think Twice, It's All Right
- Give My Love to Rose
- Green, Green Grass of Home
- Old Apache Squaw
- Lorena
- Forty Shades of Green
- Bad News
- Jackson
- Big River
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- I Walk the Line
- Tall Lover Man
- June's Song Introduction
- Wildwood Flower
- Foggy Mountain Top
- This Land Is Your Land
- Wabash Cannonball
- Worried Man Blues
- Long Legged Guitar Pickin' Man
- Ring of Fire
- Man In Black
- Galway Bay
- Girl from the North Country
- I Came to Believe
- A Thing Called Love
- The Loving Gift
- I Walk the Line
- Farther Along (feat. Duane Eddy)
- Flesh and Blood
- The Gambler
- Ring of Fire
- The Highway Man
- Cry, Cry, Cry
- Hey Porter
- Folsom Prison Blues
- So Doggone Lonesome
- I Walk the Line
- Get Rhythm
- There You Go
- Train of Love
- Don't Make Me Go
- Next in Line
- Home of the Blues
- Give My Love to Rose
- Ballad of a Teenage Queen
- Big River
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- Come in, Stranger
- The Ways of a Woman in Love
- You're the Nearest Thing to Heaven
- It's Just About Time
- I Just Thought You'd Like to Know
- Thanks a Lot
- Luther Played the Boogie
- Katy Too
- I Forgot to Remember to Forget
- Goodbye Little Darlin'
- You Tell Me
- Straight A's in Love
- I Love You Because
- Down the Street to 301
- Story of a Broken Heart
- Mean Eyed Cat
- Port of Lonely Hearts
- Oh Lonesome Me
- Life Goes On
- Sugartime
- My Treasure
- Blue Train
- Born to Lose
- Wide Open Road
- Belshazzar
- Rock Island Line
- (I Heard That) Lonesome Whistle
- If the Good Lord's Willing
- Country Boy
- Remember Me (I'm the One Who Loves You)
- I Was There When It Happened
- Wreck of the Old 97
- Doin' My Time
- Hey Good Lookin'
- I Can't Help It (If I'm Still in Love with You)
- Cry! Cry! Cry!
- Folsom Prison Blues
- So Doggone Lonesome
- I Walk the Line
- There You Go
- Train of Love
- Next In Line
- Home of the Blues
- Ballad of a Teenage Queen
- Big River
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- Come In Stranger
- The Ways of a Woman In Love
- You're the Nearest Thing to Heaven
- Thanks a Lot
- Luther's Boogie
- Katy Too
- Straight A's In Love
- I Love You Because
- Oh, Lonesome Me
- A Boy Named Sue
- Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down
- I Walk the Line
- Blue Suede Shoes
- Matchbox
- Me and Bobby McGee
- I Guess Things Happen That Way
- Bed of Roses
- Flowers On the Wall
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Darlin' Companion
- If I Were a Carpenter
- Help Me Make It Through the Night
- Man in Black
- Introduction to the Carter Family
- A Song to Mama
- No Need to Worry (with The Carter Family & The Statler Brothers)
- Rock of Ages (with The Carter Family & The Statler Brothers)
- Children, Go Where I Send Thee (with The Carter Family, The Statler Brothers & Carl Perkins)
- Run Softly, Blue River
- Frankie's Man, Johnny
- That's All Over
- The Troubadour
- One More Ride
- That's Enough
- I Still Miss Someone
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- I'd Rather Die Young
- Pickin' Time
- Shepherd of My Heart
- Suppertime
- Drink to Me
- Five Feet High and Rising
- The Man on the Hill
- Hank and Joe and Me
- Clementine
- The Great Speckle Bird
- I Want to Go Home
- The Caretaker
- Old Apache Squaw
- Don't Step on Mother's Roses
- My Grandfather's Clock
- It Could Be You (Instead of Him)
- Seasons of My Heart
- I Feel Better All Over
- I Couldn't Keep from Crying
- Time Changes Everything
- My Shoes Keep Walking Back to You
- I'd Just Be Fool Enough (To Fall)
- Transfusion Blues
- Why Do You Punish Me (For Loving You)
- I Will Miss You When You Go
- I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry
- Just One More
- Honky-Tonk Girl
- Loading Coal
- Slow Rider
- Lumberjack
- Dorraine of Ponchartrain
- Going to Memphis
- When Papa Played the Dobro
- Boss Jack
- Old Doc Brown
- The Christmas Spirit
- I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day
- Blue Christmas
- The Gifts They Gave
- Here Was a Man
- Christmas As I Knew It
- Out Among the Stars
- Baby Ride Easy (with June Carter Cash)
- She Used to Love Me a Lot
- After All
- I'm Movin' On (with Waylon Jennings)
- If I Told You Who It Was
- Call Your Mother
- I Drove Her Out of My Mind
- Tennessee
- Rock and Roll Shoes
- Don't You Think It's Come Our Time (with June Carter Cash)
- I Came to Believe
- She Used to Love Me a Lot (The JC/EC Version)
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Dark As the Dungeon
- I Still Miss Someone
- Cocaine Blues
- 25 Minutes to Go
- Orange Blossom Special
- The Long Black Veil
- Send a Picture of Mother
- The Wall
- Dirty Old Egg-Suckin' Dog
- Flushed from the Bathroom of Your Heart
- Jackson
- Give My Love to Rose
- I Got Stripes
- Green, Green Grass of Home
- Greystone Chapel
- As Long As the Grass Shall Grow
- Apache Tears
- Custer
- The Talking Leaves
- The Ballad of Ira Hayes
- Drums
- White Girl
- The Vanishing Race
- The Christmas Spirit
- I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day
- Blue Christmas
- The Gifts They Gave
- Here Was a Man
- Christmas As I Knew It
- Silent Night
- The Little Drummer Boy
- Ringing the Bells for Jim
- We Are the Shepherds
- Who Kept the Sheep
- The Ballad of the Harp Weaver
- Nasty Dan
- One and One Makes Two
- I Got a Boy (And His Name Is John) [with June Carter Cash]
- Little Magic Glasses
- Miss Tara
- Dinosaur Song
- Tiger Whitehead
- Call of the Wild
- Little Green Fountain
- Old Shep
- (The) Timber Man
- Long-Legged Guitar Pickin' Man
- Shantytown
- It Ain't Me Babe
- Fast Boat to Sydney
- Pack Up Your Sorrows
- I Got a Woman
- Jackson
- Oh, What a Good Thing We Had
- You'll Be All Right
- No, No, No
- What'd I Say
- Loading Coal
- Slow Rider
- Lumberjack
- Dorraine of Ponchartrain
- Going to Memphis
- When Papa Played the Dobro
- Boss Jack
- Old Doc Brown
- It Was Jesus
- I Saw a Man
- Are All the Children In
- The Old Account
- Lead Me Gently Home
- Swing Low, Sweet Chariot
- Snow In His Hair
- Lead Me Father
- I Call Him
- These Things Shall Pass
- He'll Be a Friend
- God Will
- Folks Out On the Road
- I'm Never Gonna Roam Again
- American By Birth
- Field of Diamonds
- Heroes
- Even Cowgirls Get the Blues
- Love Is the Way
- The Ballad of Forty Dollars
- I Will Always Love You (In My Own Crazy Way)
- One Too Many Mornings
- Hiawatha's Vision
- The Road to Kaintuck
- The Shifting, Whispering Sands, Pt. 1
- Narration #1
- The Ballad of Boot Hill
- I Ride an Old Paint
- Narration #2
- Hardin Wouldn't Run
- Narration #3
- Mr. Garfield
- The Streets of Laredo
- Narration #4
- Johnny Reb
- A Letter from Home
- Bury Me Not On the Lone Prairie
- Mean As Hell
- Sam Hall
- 25 Minutes to Go
- The Blizzard
- Narration #5
- Sweet Betsy from Pike
- Green Grow the Lilacs
- Narration #6
- Stampede
- The Shifting, Whispering Sands, Pt. 2
- Reflections
- Folsom Prison Blues
- (There'll Be) Peace In the Valley (For Me)
- A Boy Named Sue
- San Quentin
- San Quentin
- Starkville City Jail
- Darlin' Companion
- Wreck of the Old '97
- Wanted Man
- I Walk the Line
- Everybody Loves a Nut
- The One On the Right Is On the Left
- A Cup of Coffee
- The Bug That Tried to Crawl Around the World
- The Singing Star's Queen
- Austin Prison
- Dirty Old Egg-Sucking Dog
- Take Me Home
- Please Don't Play Red River Valley
- The Boa Constrictor
- Joe Bean
- Ring of Fire
- I'd Still Be There
- What Do I Care
- I Still Miss Someone
- Forty Shades of Green
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)
- The Rebel - Johnny Yuma
- Bonanza!
- The Big Battle
- Remember the Alamo
- Tennessee Flat-Top Box
- (There'll Be) Peace In the Valley (For Me) [with The Carter Family]
- The Legend of John Henry's Hammer
- Tell Him I'm Gone (with The Carter Family)
- Another Man Done Gone
- Busted (with The Carter Family)
- Casey Jones
- Nine Pound Hammer (with The Carter Family)
- Chain Gang (with The Carter Family)
- Waiting for a Train
- Roughneck (with The Carter Family)
- Christmas as I Knew It
- Christmas Time's a-Comin'
- That Christmasy Feeling
- Christmas with You
- Blue Christmas
- The Little Drummer Boy
- The Gifts They Gave
- King of Love
- Merry Christmas Mary
- I Heard the Bells On Christmas Day
- Joy to the World
- It Came Upon a Midnight Clear
- Ringing the Bells for Jim
- The Christmas Guest
- The Christmas Spirit
- Silent Night
- Big River
- Give My Love to Rose
- What Is Truth
- Daddy Sang Bass
- (Ghost) Riders In the Sky
- Restless Kid
- Ben Dewberry's Final Run
- Life's Railway to Heaven
- It Takes One to Know Me
- Moving Up
- Truth
- I Walk the Line
- There You Go
- Ballad of a Teenage Queen
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- The Ways of a Woman in Love
- What Do I Care?
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- Ring of Fire
- Understand Your Man
- The One On the Right Is On the Left
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Daddy Sang Bass
- A Boy Named Sue
- Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down
- Flesh and Blood
- One Piece At a Time
- There Ain't No Good Chain Gang
- (Ghost) Riders in the Sky
- Highwayman
- I Was There When It Happened
- Belshazzar
- The Great Speckle Bird
- Suppertime
- That's Enough
- The Old Account
- He Turned Water Into Wine
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)
- (There'll Be) Peace In the Valley (For Me) [with The Carter Family]
- Troublesome Waters
- Far Side Banks Of Jordan (with June Carter Cash)
- Daddy Sang Bass
- Amen
- The Masterpiece
- You Can't Beat Jesus Christ
- Jim, I Wore a Tie Today
- I Wish I Was Crazy Again
- That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine
- Girl from the North Country
- Crazy Old Soldier
- Long-Legged Guitar Pickin' Man
- If I Were a Carpenter
- Another Man Done Gone
- There Ain't No Good Chain Gang
- I Got Stripes
- Jackson
- I've Been Everywhere
- The Greatest Cowboy of Them All
- Wings In the Morning
- Gospel Boogie (A Wonderful Time Up There)
- Over the Next Hill (We'll Be Home) [with Anita Carter & The Carter Family]
- He's Alive
- I've Got Jesus In My Soul (with The Carter Family)
- When He Comes (with Rosanne Cash & The Carter Family)
- I Was There When It Happened (with Marshall Grant & The Carter Family)
- I'm a Newborn Man (with The Carter Family)
- Strange Things Happening Everyday
- Children Go Where I Send Thee
- I'm Just an Old Chunk of Coal (But I'm Gonna Be a Diamond Someday) [with The Carter Family]
- Lay Me Down In Dixie (with Cindy Cash & The Carter Family)
- Don't Take Everybody to Be Your Friend (with The Carter Family)
- You'll Get Yours and I'll Get Mine (with Rodney Crowell & The Carter Family)
- Oh Come, Angel Band
- This Train Is Bound for Glory (with The Carter Family)
- I'm Gonna Try to Be That Way (with Jan Howard & The Carter Family)
- What On Earth (Will You Do for Heaven's Sake)
- That's Enough
- The Greatest Cowboy of Them All
- Didn't It Rain
- He Touched Me (with Rodney Crowell & The Carter Family)
- Way Worn Traveler (with Helen Carter)
- I'll Have a New Life (with June Carter Cash)
- Truth
- Back In the Fold
- Look Unto the East
- I Was There When It Happened
- Sanctified
- Would You Recognize Jesus
- That's Just Like Jesus
- What On Earth (Will You Do for Heaven's Sake)
- Keep Me from Blowing Away
- Don't Give Up On Me
- Over the Next Hill (We'll Be Home)
- Waiting On the Far Side Banks of Jordan (with June Carter Cash)
- Our Little Old Home Town
- Belshazzar
- My Children Walk In Truth
- The Old Rugged Cross (with Jessi Colter)
- One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul
- God Ain't No Stained Glass Window
- Half a Mile a Day
- Another Wide River to Cross
- You're Drifting Away
- Believe In Him
- Over There
- The Gospel Road
- What Is Man
- Wildwood In the Pines
- So Doggone Lonesome
- I Walk the Line
- Get Rhythm
- Country Boy
- I Still Miss Someone
- Cotton Fields
- I Walk the Line
- Perkins Boogie
- Impersonations
- Rock Island Line
- The Rebel - Johnny Yuma
- Introduction
- Big River
- Folsom Prison Blues
- I Still Miss Someone
- Rock Island Line
- Don't Think Twice, It's Alright
- I Walk the Line
- Ballad of Ira Hayes
- Keep On the Sunny Side
- Big River
- Wreck of the Old '97
- Tennessee Flat-Top Box
- Remember the Alamo
- Cocaine Blues
- Jackson
- Long-Legged Guitar Pickin' Man
- Ring of Fire
- Daddy Sang Bass
- Introduction - President Richard M. Nixon
- A Boy Named Sue
- Five Feet High and Rising
- Pickin' Time
- Wreck of the Old '97
- Lumberjack
- Jesus Was a Carpenter
- What Is Truth
- (There'll Be) Peace In the Valley (For Me) [Live At the White House, Washington D.C., April 17, 1970]
- He Turned the Water Into Wine
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)? [Live At the White House, Washington D.C., April 17, 1970]
- Daddy Sang Bass
- The Old Account
- Sunday Morning Coming Down
- The Prisoner's Song
- That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine
- City of New Orleans
- Ragged Old Flag
- One Piece At a Times
- Hey Porter
- There You Go
- The Letter Edged In Black
- There's a Mother Always Waiting At Home
- The Engineer's Dying Child
- My Mother Was a Lady
- The Winding Stream
- Far Away Places
- Galway Bay
- When I Stop Dreaming
- Drink to Me Only With Thine Eyes
- I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen
- Missouri Waltz
- Louisiana Man
- Paradise
- I Don't Believe You Wanted to Leave
- Jim, I Wore a Tie Today
- Saginaw, Michigan
- When It's Springtime In Alaska (It's Forty Below)
- Girl In Saskatoon
- The Cremation of Sam McGee
- Tiger Whitehead
- It's All Over
- A Fast Song
- Virgie
- I Wanted So
- It Takes One to Know Me
- Seal It In My Heart and Mind
- Wildwood In the Pines
- Who At My Door Is Standing
- Have Thine Own Way Lord
- Lights of Magdala
- If Jesus Ever Loved a Woman
- The Lily of the Valley
- Have a Drink of Water
- The Way Worn Traveler
- Look Unto the East
- Matthew 24 (Is Knocking At the Door)
- The House Is Falling Down
- One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul
- What On Earth (Will You Do for Heaven's Sake)
- My Children Walk In the Truth
- No Earthly Good
- Sanctified
- Lord, Lord, Lord
- What Is Man
- Over the Next Hill (We'll Be Home)
- A Half a Mile a Day
- Farther Along
- Life's Railway to Heaven
- In the Sweet Bye and Bye
- The Color of Love
- Saturday Night In Hickman County
- Allegheny
- Life Has Its Little Ups and Downs
- Matthew 24 (Is Knocking At the Door)
- The City of New Orleans
- Tony
- The Pine Tree
- We're for Love
- Godshine
- The Baron
- Mobile Bay
- The Hard Way
- A Ceiling, Four Wall, And a Floor
- Hey, Hey Train
- The Reverend Mr. Black
- The Blues Keep Gettin' Bluer
- Chattanooga City Limit Sign
- Thanks to You
- The Greatest Love Affair
- Come Along and Ride This Train / Six Days On the Road / There Ain't No Easy Run / The Sailor On a Concrete Sea
- These Hands
- Here Was a Man
- Come Along and Ride This Train / Mississippi Delta Land / Detroit City / Uncloudy Day / No Setting Sun / Mississippi Delta Land
- I'm Gonna Try to Be That Way
- Sunday Morning Coming Down
- My Old Kentucky Home
- Hard Times Comin'
- The Lady Came From Baltimore
- Lonesome to the Bone
- The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down
- Clean Your Own Tables
- Jesus Was Our Saviour (Cotton Was Our King)
- Reason to Believe
- Cocaine Carolina
- Smokey Factory Blues
- Ain't No Grave
- Redemption Day
- For the Good Times
- I Corinthians 15:55
- Can't Help But Wonder Where I'm Bound
- Satisfied Mind
- I Don't Hurt Anymore
- Cool Water
- Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream
- Aloha Oe
- I Walk the Line
- Flesh and Blood
- Stand By Your Man
- She Thinks I Still Care / Love Bug / The Race Is On
- I've Been Everywhere
- Detroit City
- Ring of Fire
- It's Too Late
- Loving Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)
- Only the Lonely / Pretty Woman
- Belshazzar
- Brown Eyed Handsome Man
- Girl of the North Country
- Fire and Rain
- Daddy Sang Bass
- I Walk the Line (Reprised)
- Belshazzar
- I Was There When It Happened
- God Must Have My Fortune Laid Away
- He Turned Water Into Wine
- Daddys Sang Bass
- When the Saints Go Marching In
- Man In Black
- Gospel Road
- Over the Next Hill We'll Be Home
- Peace In the Valley
- Why Me
- The Old Rugged Cross
- I'm Just an Old Chunk of Coal
- I Won't Have to Cross Jordan Alone
- The Old Account Was Settled Long Ago
- Far Side Banks of Jordan
- Farther Along
- Matthew 24 (Is Knocking at the Door)
- That Ragged Old Flag
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)?
- It Is No Secret
- Angel Band
- My Children Walk In Truth
- In the Sweet By and By
- In God's Hands
- Instrumental (Unknown)
- Love Me Tender (instrumental)
- Jingle Bells
- White Christmas (instrumental)
- Reconsider Baby
- Don't Be Cruel
- Don't Be Cruel
- Paralyzed
- Don't Be Cruel
- There's No Place Like Home
- When the Saints Go Marchin' In
- Softly and Tenderly
- When God Dips His Love In My Heart
- Just a Little Talk with Jesus
- Jesus Walked That Lonesome Valley
- I Shall Not Be Moved
- Peace In the Valley
- Down By the Riverside
- I'm with a Crowd But So Alone
- Farther Along
- Blessed Jesus (Hold My Hand)
- On the Jericho Road
- I Just Can't Make It By Myself
- Little Cabin Home On the Hill
- Summertime Is Past and Gone
- I Hear a Sweet Voice Calling
- Sweetheart You Done Me Wrong
- Keeper of the Key
- Crazy Arms
- Don't Forbid Me
- Too Much Monkey Business
- Brown Eyed Handsome Man
- Out of Sight Out of Mind
- Brown Eyed Handsome Man
- Don't Forbid Me
- You Belong to My Heart
- Is It So Strange
- That's When Your Heartaches Begin
- Brown Eyed Handsome Man
- Rip It Up
- I'm Gonna Bid My Blues Goodbye
- Crazy Arms
- That's My Desire
- End of the Road
- Black Bottom Stomp
- You're the Only Star In My Blue Heaven
- Elvis Says Goodbye
- Blue Suede Shoes
- Flowers on the Wall
- The Last Thing On My Mind
- June Carter Talks To The Audience
- Wildwood Flower
- Big River
- I Still Miss Someone
- Wreck of the Old 97
- I Walk The Line
- The Long Black Veil/Give My Love To Rose
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Orange Blossom Special
- Jackson
- Darlin' Companion
- Break My Mind
- I Don't Know Where I'm Bound
- Starkville City Jail
- San Quentin
- San Quentin (Reprise)
- Wanted Man
- Restless
- A Boy Named Sue
- Blistered
- (There'll Be) Peace in the Valley
- The Outside Looking In
- Less Of Me
- Ring Of Fire
- He Turned the Water Into Wine
- Daddy Sang Bass
- The Old Account Was Settled Long Ago
- Folsom Prison Blues/I Walk The Line/Ring Of Fire/The Rebel-Johnny Yuma
- The Letter Edged In Black
- There's a Mother Always Waiting At Home
- The Engineer's Dying Child
- My Mother Was a Lady
- The Winding Stream
- Far Away Places
- Galway Bay
- When I Stop Dreaming
- Drink to Me Only With Thine Eyes
- I'll Take You Home Again, Kathleen
- Missouri Waltz
- Louisiana Man
- Paradise
- I Don't Believe You Wanted to Leave
- Jim, I Wore a Tie Today
- Saginaw, Michigan
- When It's Springtime In Alaska (It's Forty Below)
- Girl In Saskatoon
- The Cremation of Sam McGee
- Tiger Whitehead
- It's All Over
- A Fast Song
- Virgie
- I Wanted So
- It Takes One to Know Me
- Seal It In My Heart and Mind
- Wildwood In the Pines
- Who At My Door Is Standing
- Have Thine Own Way Lord
- Lights of Magdala
- If Jesus Ever Loved a Woman
- The Lily of the Valley
- Have a Drink of Water
- The Way Worn Traveler
- Look Unto the East
- Matthew 24 (Is Knocking At the Door)
- The House Is Falling Down
- One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk to Paul
- What On Earth (Will You Do for Heaven's Sake)
- My Children Walk In the Truth
- No Earthly Good
- Sanctified
- Lord, Lord, Lord
- What Is Man
- Over the Next Hill (We'll Be Home)
- A Half a Mile a Day
- Farther Along
- Life's Railway to Heaven
- In the Sweet Bye and Bye
- Help Me
- God's Gonna Cut You Down
- Like the 309
- If You Could Read My Mind
- Further On Up the Road
- On the Evening Train
- I Came to Believe
- Love's Been Good to Me
- A Legend In My Time
- Rose of My Heart
- Four Strong Winds
- I'm Free from the Chain Gang Now
- I Walk the Line
- There You Go
- Home of the Blues
- Ballad of a Teenage Queen
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- The Ways of a Woman In Love
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- Ring of Fire
- The Matador
- Understand Your Man
- The Ballad of Ira Hayes
- Orange Blossom Special
- The One On the Right Is On the Left
- Rosanna's Going Wild
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Daddy Sang Bass
- A Boy Named Sue
- What Is Truth
- Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down
- Flesh and Blood
- Man In Black
- A Thing Called Love
- Kate
- Oney
- Any Old Wind That Blows
- One Piece At a Time
- (Ghost) Riders In the Sky
- Hey Porter
- Cry Cry Cry
- Luther Played the Boogie
- Get Rhythm
- Give My Love to Rose
- I Was There When It Happened
- Big River
- I Still Miss Someone
- Pickin' Time
- The Man On the Hill
- Five Feet High and Rising
- Tennessee Flat-Top Box
- I Got Stripes
- Troublesome Waters
- The Long Black Veil
- Dark As a Dungeon
- The Wall
- 25 Minutes to Go
- Cocaine Blues
- Doin' My Time
- I Will Rock and Roll With You
- Without Love
- The Big Light
- Where We'll Never Grow Old
- I Shall Not Be Moved
- I Am a Pilgrim
- Do Lord
- When the Roll Is Called Up Yonder
- If We Never Meet Again This Side of Heaven
- I'll Fly Away
- Where the Soul of Man Never Dies
- Let the Lower Lights Be Burning
- When He Reached Down
- In the Sweet By and By
- I'm Bound for the Promised Land
- In the Garden
- Softly and Tenderly
- Just As I Am
- Long Black Veil
- Flesh and Blood
- Just the Other Side of Nowhere
- If I Give My Soul
- Understand Your Man
- Banks of the Ohio
- Two Timin' Woman
- The Caretaker
- Old Chunk of Coal
- I'm Going to Memphis
- Breaking Bread
- Waiting for a Train
- Casey's Last Ride
- No Earthly Good
- The Fourth Man In the Fire
- Dark As a Dungeon
- Book Review
- Down There by the Train
- Pocahontas
- I'm a Drifter
- Trouble In Mind
- Down the Line
- I'm Movin' On
- As Long As the Grass Shall Grow
- Heart of Gold
- The Running Kind (feat. Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers & Tom Petty)
- Everybody's Trying to Be My Baby
- Brown Eyed Handsome Man (feat. Carl Perkins)
- "T" Is for Texas
- Devil's Right Hand
- I'm a Drifter
- Like a Soldier (feat. Willie Nelson)
- Drive On
- Bird On a Wire
- A Singer of Songs
- The L and N Don't Stop Here Anymore
- Redemption Song (feat. Joe Strummer)
- Father and Son (feat. Fiona Apple)
- Chattanooga Sugar Babe
- He Stopped Loving Her Today
- Hard Times
- Wichita Lineman
- Cindy (feat. Nick Cave)
- Big Iron
- Salty Dog
- Gentle On My Mind (feat. Glen Campbell)
- You Are My Sunshine
- You'll Never Walk Alone
- The Man Comes Around
- Where We'll Never Grow Old
- Hey Porter
- Cry, Cry, Cry
- I Walk the Line
- Get Rhythm
- There You Go
- Ballad Of A Teenage Queen
- Big River
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- All Over Again
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- Five Feet High and Rising
- The Rebel-Johnny Yuma
- Tennessee Flat-Top Box
- I Still Miss Someone
- Ring of Fire
- The Ballad of Ira Hayes
- Orange Blossom Special
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord)
- It Ain't Me, Babe (with June Carter Cash)
- The One on the Right Is on the Left
- Jackson (with June Carter Cash)
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Daddy Sang Bass
- Girl from the North Country
- A Boy Named Sue
- If I Were a Carpenter
- Sunday Morning Coming Down
- Flesh and Blood
- Man in Black
- Ragged Old Flag
- One Piece at a Time
- (Ghost) Riders In the Sky
- Song of the Patriot (with Marty Robbins)
- Highwayman
- The Night Hank Williams Came to Town (with Waylon Jennings)
- The Wanderer (with Johnny Cash)
- The Man Comes Around
- Hurt
- Give My Love to Rose
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- I Hung My Head
- First Time Ever I Saw Your Face
- Personal Jesus
- In My Life
- Sam Hall
- Danny Boy
- Desperado
- I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry
- Tear Stained Letter
- Streets of Laredo
- We'll Meet Again
- The Night Hank Williams Came to Town (feat. Waylon Jennings)
- Cry, Cry, Cry (1988 Version)
- Long Black Veil (1988 Version)
- I Walk the Line (1988 Version)
- Tennessee Flat Top Box (1988 Version)
- Get Rhythm (1988 Version)
- I Still Miss Someone (1988 Version)
- Blue Train (1988 Version)
- Folsom Prison Blues (1988 Version)
- Home of the Blues (1988 Version)
- Cat's In the Cradle
- Wanted Man
- Ragged Old Flag
- Don't Go Near the Water
- All I Do Is Drive
- Southern Comfort
- King Of the Hill
- Pie In the Sky
- Lonesome To the Bone
- While I've Got It On My Mind
- Good Morning Friend
- I'm a Worried Man
- Please Don't Let Me Out
- What On Earth Will You Do (For Heaven's Sake)
- I Won't Back Down
- Solitary Man
- That Lucky Old Sun (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)
- One
- Nobody
- I See a Darkness
- The Mercy Seat
- Would You Lay With Me (In a Field of Stone)
- Field of Diamonds
- Before My Time
- Country Trash
- Mary of the Wild Moor
- I'm Leavin' Now (feat. Merle Haggard)
- Wayfaring Stranger
- (Ghost) Riders in the Sky
- Worried Man
- Family Bible
- Don't Take Your Guns to Town
- Funny How Time Slips Away
- Flesh and Blood
- Crazy
- Unchained
- Night Life
- Drive On
- Me and Paul
- I Still Miss Someone
- Always on My Mind
- Folsom Prison Blues
- On the Road Again
- Rowboat
- Sea of Heartbreak
- Rusty Cage
- The One Rose (That's Left In My Heart)
- Country Boy
- Memories Are Made of This
- Spiritual
- The Kneeling Drunkard's Plea
- Southern Accents
- Mean Eyed Cat
- Meet Me in Heaven
- I Never Picked Cotton
- Unchained
- I've Been Everywhere
- Ring of Fire
- Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down
- I Walk the Line
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Understand Your Man
- Big River
- I Still Miss Someone
- Jackson
- A Boy Named Sue
- One Piece At a Time
- Delia's Gone
- Let the Train Blow the Whistle
- The Beast in Me
- Drive On
- Why Me Lord
- Thirteen
- Oh, Bury Me Not (Introduction: A Cowboy's Prayer)
- Bird on a Wire
- Tennessee Stud
- Down There By the Train
- Redemption
- Like a Soldier
- The Man Who Couldn't Cry
- Get Rhythm
- Tennessee Flat Top Box
- Long Black Veil
- A Thing Called Love
- I Still Miss Someone
- Cry, Cry, Cry
- Blue Train
- Sunday Morning Coming Down
- Five Feet High And Rising
- Peace In The Valley
- Don't Take Your Guns To Town
- Home Of The Blues
- Guess Things Happen That Way
- I Got Stripes
- I Walk The Line
- Ring Of Fire
- Ballad Of Ira Hayes
- The Ways Of A Woman In Love
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Supper Time
- Highway Patrolman
- That's the Truth
- God Bless Robert E. Lee
- New Cut Road
- Johnny 99
- Ballad of the Ark
- Joshua Gone Barbados
- Girl from the Canyon
- Brand New Dance
- I'm Ragged But I'm Right
- Get Rhythm
- I Forgot to Remember to Forget
- Goin' Down the Road Feelin' Bad
- That Silver Haired Daddy of Mine
- Matchbox
- I'll Fly Away
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Rockin' My Life Away
- Blue Suede Shoes
- (There'll Be) Peace In the Valley (For Me)
- Can the Circle Be Unbroken?
- I Saw the Light
- Joy to the World
- Away in a Manger
- O Little Town of Bethlehem
- Silent Night, Holy Night
- It Came Upon a Midnight Clear
- Hark the Herald Angels Sing
- I Heard the Bells on Christmas Day
- O Come All Ye Faithful
- Little Gray Donkey
- The Christmas Guest
- Precious Memories
- Rock of Ages
- The Old Rugged Cross
- Softly and Tenderly
- In the Sweet By and By
- Just As I Am
- Farther Along
- When the Roll Is Called Up Yonder
- Amazing Grace
- At the Cross
- Have Thine Own Way Lord
- Praise the Lord
- Introduction
- The Gospel Road, Pt. 1
- Jesus' Early Years
- The Gospel Road, Pt. 2
- John the Baptist
- Baptism of Jesus
- Wilderness Temptation
- Follow Me, Jesus
- The Gospel Road, Pt. 3
- Jesus Announces His Divinity
- Jesus' Opposition Is Established
- Jesus' First Miracle
- He Turned the Water Into Wine, Pt. 1
- State of the Nation
- I See Men As Trees Walking
- Jesus Was a Carpenter, Pt. 1
- Choosing of Twelve Disciples
- Jesus' Teachings
- Parable of the Good Shepherd
- The Two Greatest Commandments
- Greater Love Hath No Man
- John the Baptist's Imprisonment and Death
- Jesus Cleanses Temple
- Jesus Upbraids Scribes and Pharisees
- Jesus In the Temple
- Come Unto Me
- The Adulterous Woman
- Help, Pt. 1
- Jesus and Nicodemus
- Help, Pt. 2
- Sermon On the Mount
- Blessed Are
- The Lord's Prayer, Amen Chorus
- Introducing Mary Magdelene
- Mary Magdalene Speaks
- Follow Me
- Magdalene Speaks Again
- Crossing the Sea of Galilee
- He Turned the Water Into Wine, Pt. 2
- He Turned the Water Into Wine, Pt. 3
- Feeding the Multitude
- The Turned the Water Into Wine, Pt. 4
- More Jesus Teaching
- The Living Water and the Bread of Life
- The Gospel Road, Pt. 4
- Jesus and Children
- Children
- Four Months to Live
- Help, Pt. 3
- Opening Dialogue
- Paul Revere
- Begin West Movement
- The Road to Kaintuck
- To the Shining Mountains
- The Battle of New Orleans
- Southwestward
- Remember the Alamo
- Opening the West
- Lorena
- The Gettysburg Address
- The West
- Big Foot
- Like a Young Colt
- Mister Garfield
- A Proud Land
- The Big Battle
- On Wheels and Wings
- Come Take a Trip In My Airship
- Reaching for the Stars
- These Are My People
- The Preacher Said, "Jesus Said"
- Orphan of the Road
- You've Got a New Light Shining In Your Eyes
- If Not For Love
- Man In Black
- Singin' In Viet Nam Talkin' Blues
- Ned Kelly
- Look For Me
- Dear Mrs.
- I Talk to Jesus Every Day
- Southwind
- The Devil to Pay
- 'Cause I Love You
- See Ruby Fall
- Route #1, Box 144
- Sing a Traveling Song
- If I Were a Carpenter
- To Beat the Devil
- Blistered
- Wrinkled, Crinkled, Wadded Dollar Bill
- I've Got a Thing About Trains
- Jesus Was a Carpenter
- Big River (Live)
- I Still Miss Someone (Live)
- Five Feet High and Rising (Live)
- Pickin' Time (Live)
- Remember the Alamo (Live)
- Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream (Live)
- Wreck of the Old 97 (Live)
- The Long Black Veil (Live)
- The Wall (Live)
- Send a Picture of Mother (Live)
- Folsom Prison Blues (Live)
- Blue Suede Shoes (Live)
- Flowers On the Wall (Live)
- Wildwood Flower (Live)
- Worried Man Blues (Live)
- A Boy Named Sue (Live)
- Cocaine Blues (Live)
- Jesus Was a Carpenter (Live)
- The Ballad of Ira Hayes (Live)
- As Long As the Grass Shall Grow (Live)
- Sing a Travelin' Song (Live)
- He Turned the Water Into Wine (Live)
- Were You There (When They Crucified My Lord) [Live]
- Daddy Sang Bass (Live)
- Finale Medley (Live)
- Suppertime (Live)
- Orange Blossom Special
- The Long Black Veil
- It Ain't Me Babe
- The Wall
- Don't Think Twice, It's All Right
- You Wild Colorado
- Mama, You Been On My Mind
- When It's Springtime In Alaska (It's Forty Below)
- All of God's Children Ain't Free
- Danny Boy
- Wildwood Flower
- Amen
- I Walk the Line
- Bad News
- Folsom Prison Blues
- Give My Love to Rose
- Hey Porter
- I Still Miss Someone
- Understand Your Man
- Wreck of the Old '97
- Still In Town
- Big River
- Goodbye, Little Darlin', Goodbye
- Troublesome Waters